Cyclic pressure applied to cows' teats by teatcup liners can be determined simply and noninvasively

Liner overpressure is a quantitative variable indicating the extent to which vacuum difference across liner during phase d (the compression phase) of milking machine pulsation exceeds that would be just sufficient stop milk flow from teat. Previously defined methods determining have required modifications machine, complex instrumentation, or both. Our method measuring derived (OP) offers relatively simple instrumentation and realistic characteristics. We determined OP by duration within cycle, then comparing with shape curve deduce chamber level corresponding duration. Derived our yielded measurements differed less than 2.0 kPa those most practical previous method, for 2 trial liners. can serve as evaluating liners, we developed may also applied automatic control process.